我国城市湿地公园保护立法研究

Research on Legislation and Governance of Urban Wetland Park in China

住房和城乡建设部2017年通过的《城市湿地公园管理办法》是城市湿地公园保护的最高准则,各省实施的湿地保护条例没有城市湿地公园保护条款,亦无专门立法。中国现有城市湿地公园保护立法的不足主要体现在立法层级不高;《城市湿地公园管理办法》大多是宏观性规定,条文含糊、笼统,缺乏可操作性;对城市湿地公园的分类和定义不清,地方保护制度缺位;城市湿地公园的管理主体不明,职责不清。实现城市湿地公园的有效保护和治理,应当制定一部全国性的立法规范;地方立法应当因地制宜定实施细则;国家城市湿地公园应当"因园制法"和"一园一办法";立法应当明确破坏城市湿地公园的行政责任、民事责任和刑事责任。

The Urban Wetland Park Management Measures adopted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development in 2017 are the highest standards for urban wetland park protection.The wetland protection regulations implemented in various provinces have no urban wetland park protection provisions and no specific legislation.The deficiency of the existing urban wetland park protection legislation is mainly reflected in the low level of legislation."Urban wetland park management methods"are mostly macroscopic rules,which are vague,general and lack of operability.The classification and definition of urban wetland park are unclear and the local protection system is absent.The management of urban wetland park is unclear and its responsibilities are unclear.To achieve the effective protection and management of urban wetland park,a national legislative standard should be developed.Local legislation should be formulated and implemented in accordance with local conditions.The national urban wetland park shall be"rules based on park conditions"and"one rules set for each park".The legislation should clearly the administrative responsibility,civil liability and criminal responsibility of urban wetland park destruction.