基于实例的城市公园可达性评价模型比较

Comparison among Urban Park Accessibility Evaluation Models Based on Empirical Cases

城市公园的合理分布能促进整个城市的公平与健康发展,可达性是评价城市公园布局合理性的重要指标之一。介绍了4种国际上广泛应用的可达性评价模型,包括邻近性(proximity)模型、容器(container)模型、重力(gravity)模型和两步浮动承载区(two-step floating catchment area)模型,说明了这些模型的指标因子与计算过程,并应用其评价了上海市长宁区城市公园的可达性,比较分析结果。归纳了评价城市公园可达性的四大要素,包括服务半径、公园面积、公园与居住区距离、人口密度。指出在应用上述模型评价中国城市公园可达性时,需着重考虑人均性指标并根据国情创新模型。

Proper distribution of urban parks can facilitate the equitable and healthy development of urban areas,and accessibility is an important indicator to evaluate urban park distribution.The present study introduces four widely-used accessibility models,including the proximity model,container model,gravity model and two-step floating catchment area model,explains indicators and calculations of these models,and applies the four models into evaluating urban park accessibility of Changning District,Shanghai and compares and analyzes the results.This study also identifies the most important four indicators in evaluating park accessibility,including service radius,park area,distance between urban park and residential area,and population density.The study proposes that we should highlight per-person-related indicators and modify these models when applying them in assessing accessibility of Chinese urban parks.