“环境-体验-成本”价值协同下的生物多样性规划设计概念框架与实践途径——以澳大利亚夏之地半岛企鹅归巢为例

Conceptual Framework and Practical Approach for Biodiversity Planning and Design Based on the Collaboration of Environment-Experience-Cost——Penguin Parade on Summerland Peninsula in Australia

针对生物多样性较高、自然资源相对集中的地区,现实的困境往往在于"存"与"用"之间的矛盾。生物多样性规划设计是风景园林师致力于生物多样性保护工作的重要途径。针对鲜有文献在较小尺度或从实践的角度讨论如何从规划、设计、建设全过程实现生物多样性的问题,构建"环境-体验-成本"价值协同的概念框架,包括:1)以最小干扰与生境保护为协同基础;2)以视觉影响分析与生态旅游体验为协同核心;3)以成本控制、品质保障、荒野美学为协同杠杆。通过荣获2016年度澳大利亚风景园林师协会(AILA)颁布的国家旅游类设计大奖、由TractConsultants公司承担的澳大利亚夏之地半岛与企鹅岛游览步道系统规划与景观构建的实践案例,进一步明确生物多样性规划设计过程中的技术要点,验证实践途径的可行性、典型性和普适性,旨在为中国相似地区所面临的生物多样性保护与利用的困境提供方法借鉴以及最佳实践参考。

Regarding the areas with higher biodiversity and more natural resources,one of the most difficulties is the dilemma between"conservation"and"utilization".Landscape architects can contribute to the conservation through biodiversity planning and design.Since there was little literature that discussed how to achieve biodiversity conservation through planning,design and implementation on smaller scales or from a practical perspective.This paper proposed a conceptual framework for biodiversity planning and design,centering on collaborating three values of"environment-experience-cost".It included:1)minimum disturbance and optimizing the habitat conservation as the foundation of collaboration,2)visual impact analysis and eco-tourism experiences as the core of collaboration,and 3)cost and quality control as well as wildness aesthetics as the leverage of collaboration.This paper studied the case of"Summerland Peninsula Trail Master Plan and Penguin Plus Viewing Facility Landscape Design"which was undertaken by Tract Consultants who won the 2016 AILA National Tourism Award of Excellence.It discussed the practical approach and technical points of biodiversity planning and design by reviewing their feasibility,typicality and universality,aiming to provide lessons and the best practice paradigm for the similar circumstance in terms of biodiversity conservation and utilization in China.