我国建设自由贸易港若干重大问题研究

Several Fundamental Issues on the Construction of Free Trade Ports in China

党的十九大报告提出:"赋予自由贸易区更大改革自主权,探索建设自由贸易港"。国务院最近批复的中国(海南)自由贸易试验区总体方案明确了"为逐步探索、稳步推进海南自由贸易港建设,分步骤、分阶段建立自由贸易港政策体系打好坚实基础"的发展目标。这是我国改革开放发展到新阶段,党中央、国务院作出的又一重大战略部署,标志着我国对外开放将进一步扩大,以更加开放的心态,迎接经济全球化和贸易投资自由化。虽然自由贸易试验区和自由贸易港都是以"制度创新"为核心,以建立现代开放型营商环境为目标,但是两者的侧重点有所不同。自由贸易试验区强调可复制、可推广,着重于"二线渗透",为全国性政策制定探索铺路,而自由贸易港则强调"一线放开",构建货物、服务、资本和人才的汇聚地;自由贸易试验区着重"在岸"业务的开放,自由贸易港则争取"离岸"业务的突破。因此,自由贸易港对我国而言是一个全新事物,尤其是在与"一带一路"倡议关系、自由贸易港定位与分类、自由贸易港的法制建设以及自由贸易港的辐射效应等重大问题上,还需要我们进一步厘清思路、明确目标,并采取切实可行的推进举措。

The report to the 19th CPC National Congress has put forward that the central government will grant more powers to pilot free trade zones to conduct reform,and explore the opening of free trade ports.The plan released by the State Council to build Hainan into a pilot free trade zone also declares that the overall goal is to lay a solid foundation for gradually exploring and steadily promoting the establishment of a free trade port in Hainan,and putting forward policies and institutions in a step-by-step and phased manner.This is another major decision made by the CPC Central Committee and State Council when the reform and opening-up has entered into a new stage,which indicates that China will further expand opening-up to embrace the economic globalization and trade liberalization.Although both the free trade pilot zones and the free trade ports focus on the innovation of systems with the aim to foster a modern and open business environment,their orientations are different.The free trade pilot zones lay stress on gaining experience which can be copied in other areas,paving the way for national reforms.While the free trade ports try to attract capital and expertise from outside China,propelling China to integrate into the global world.Therefore,the free trade port is a completely new issue for China.We must have a keen appreciation of the following issues and take some substantial steps,such as the relationship between free trade ports and the Belt and Road Initiative,the classification and orientation of free trade ports,the construction of legal system in the free trade ports and the spreading impact of free trade ports.