三峡库区支流“水华”现状及防控对策

Current Situation of Water Bloom in Tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Its Prevention and Control Measures

通过对三峡库区重庆境内36条主要支流历年水质监测结果和"水华"发生情况进行统计分析,截至2017年底共发生"水华"100余次,"水华"暴发时间主要集中在每年3-5月;水质变化情况与营养程度成正相关,营养化呈现库区上游支流高于下游、支流回水区高于非回水区的趋势;"水华"发生受富营养化程度和库区回水顶托影响明显。在三峡库区支流"水华"防控方面,提出加强库区支流现场巡查,发展自动化、科技化的监测手段,提高预警监测能力,并运用物理、生态和营养控制等多种方式,进行监测和防治相结合防控"水华"发生的对策建议。

Based on the statistical analysis of the water quality monitoring results and the occurrence of water blooms in 36 major tributaries of Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area over the years,there were more than 100 water blooms by the end of 2017,with the outbreak time mainly concentrated in March to May each year.There was a positive correlation between water quality change and nutritional level,and the trend of eutrophication was higher in upstream tributaries than in downstream tributaries and higher in backwater areas than in non-backwater areas.The occurrence of water bloom was obviously affected by the degree of eutrophication and backwater jacking in the reservoir area.In the prevention and control of water bloom in tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to strengthen on-site inspections of tributaries of the Reservoir Area,develop automatic and scientific monitoring means,improve early warning and monitoring capabilities,and combine monitoring and control with physical,ecological and nutritional control.