角膜生物力学特性与青光眼的关系

The associations between corneal biomechanical parameters and glaucoma

青光眼是世界上主要的致盲眼病。青光眼的发病机制与许多因素有关,高眼压是主要的危险因素。近年来,许多研究开始关注青光眼其他潜在的危险因素,如非压力依赖因素,包括血管因素、中央角膜厚度等,其中角膜生物力学特性与青光眼的关系受到越来越多的关注。临床上常用的角膜生物力学测量仪器主要有眼反应分析仪(ORA)和可视化角膜力学分析仪(Corvis-ST)。有研究显示,应用角膜生物力学测量仪发现青光眼患者的角膜更易形变。角膜生物力学特性在一定程度上可以反映眼球解剖结构的特点,比如角膜越易形变,巩膜和筛板对眼压等的耐受程度越小,视盘更易受损,这可能是造成青光眼性视神经损伤的原因之一。角膜力学参数与青光眼的严重程度之间存在一定的关系。本文就角膜生物力学特性、角膜生物力学特性测量仪器在临床中的应用、角膜生物力学特性与青光眼发生和发展及青光眼治疗效果的关系等进行综述,从而深入探讨青光眼的发病机制。

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide.Various factors are related to the development and progression of glaucoma.High intraocular pressure is an important risk factor.In recent years,many studies have focused on other potential risk factors for glaucoma,such as intraocular pressure-independent factors,including vascular factors,central corneal thickness,etc.The relationship between corneal biomechanical parameters and glaucoma has been attracting more and more attentions.The corneal biomechanics measurement instruments include ocular response analyzer(ORA)and corneal visualization scheimpflug technology(Corvis-ST),which are all commonly used in clinical practice.Some studies showed that the corneas in glaucoma patients were more easily to deform.Corneal biomechanical characteristics may reflect the anatomic structure weakness of the eyeball.For example,more easily deforming of cornea results in smaller tolerance of sclera and lamina cribros to intraocular pressure,which makes the optic disc more vulnerable.This may be one of the causes of glaucomatous optic nerve damage.Corneal biomechanical parameters have a certain extent relationship with the severity of glaucoma.In order to probe into the pathogenesis of glaucoma deeply,we reviewed corneal biomechanics characteristics,application of corneal biomechanical properties measuring instruments in clinical practice and the relationships between corneal biomechanics characteristics and the development and progression of glaucoma,as well as the therapeutic effectiveness of glaucoma.