水煮和提取处理对中草药干物质消化率和小肠可消化蛋白质的影响

Effect of boiling and extraction on dry matter digestibility and intestine-digestible crude protein levels in plant residue following Chinese medicinal herb preparation

研究水煮和提取处理对中草药干物质消化率和小肠可消化蛋白质的影响,揭示提取过程对营养价值影响的作用机理,对于客观评定中草药提取残渣的营养价值具有重要意义。采用尼龙袋试验分别测定黄芪、麦芽和甘草3种原料及其经水煮和提取处理后产物的瘤胃降解动力学参数,并分别估算其主要养分在瘤胃的有效降解率(effective degradability,ED);采用移动尼龙袋试验分别测定3种原料及其经水煮和提取处理后产物瘤胃未降解干物质(nondegradable dry matte,UDM)和未降解蛋白质(nondegradable protein,UDP)的小肠消化率(intestinal digestibility,Idg),在此基础上分别估算其干物质消化率(dry matter digestibility,DDM)和小肠可消化粗蛋白质(intestinal digestible crude protein,IDCP)含量。结果表明:1)3种中草药经水煮和提取处理后产物的EDDM(effective degradability of dry matter)和EDCP(effective degradability of crude protein)均分别显著低于其未处理原料(P<0.05),但EDNDF(effective degradability of NDF)和EDADF(effective degradability of ADF)均分别显著高于其未处理原料(P<0.05);2)3种中草药经水煮和提取处理后产物的IdgUDM(intestinal digestibility of UDM)和IdgUDP(intestinal digestibility of UDP)均显著高于其未处理原料(P<0.05);3)水煮处理显著提高了3种中草药处理后产物的DDM(P<0.05),显著提高了麦芽处理后产物的IDCP和IDCP/CP,提取处理显著提高了麦芽提取残渣的DDM、IDCP和IDCP/CP(P<0.05),显著降低了甘草提取残渣的IDCP和IDCP/CP和黄芪的IDCP(P<0.05)。在无特殊需求时完全没有必要对饲料进行水煮处理;麦芽提取残渣具有作为优质精饲料的营养潜力;黄芪和甘草提取残渣具有作为优质粗饲料的营养潜力。

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of boiling and extraction on dry matter digestibility and intestine-digestible protein content of plant residue from production of Chinese herbal medicines.This information is relevant to assessing the usefulness of these residues for animal feeding.Using a mobile nylon bag technique,various digestive degradation kinetic parameters were determined for processing residues of Astragalus(Astragalus membranaceus),malt(Hordeum vulgare)and Licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis).Parameter estimates obtained for the three plant materials included:the effective degradability(ED)in the rumen of the main dry matter(DM)nutritive components(crude protein,neutral and acid detergent fiber;CP,NDF,ADF,respectively),the small intestine digestibility(Idg),and their rumen non-degradable dry matter(UDDM)and non-degradable protein(U DP)for both raw plant materials and after boiling and extraction.It was found that:1)The ED DM and ED CP of the three tested residues after boiling and extraction were significantly lower than those of the untreated raw materials(P<0.05),while ED NDF and ED ADF were significantly higher than the untreated materials(P<0.05);2)The Idg UDDM and Idg UDP after boiling and extraction,of the three tested Chinese herbal medicine preparation residues,were significantly higher than those of the untreated raw materials(P<0.05);3)Boiling significantly increased the DDM of all 3 tested residues(P<0.05),and also the Idg CP,and Idg CP/CP of malt extract residue(P<0.05),but significantly reduced Idg CP,and Idg CP/CP of licorice extract residues and the Idg CP of Astragalus extract residues(P<0.05).These results indicate that it is not necessary to boil these feeds unless there is a special requirement to do so.Malt extract residues have good nutritional potential as a high-quality refined feed;Astragalus and licorice extraction residues have nutritional potential as a quality roughage.