废弃稀土矿山的环境风险评估

Assessment on Environmental Risk of Abandoned Rare Earth Mines

我国南方离子型稀土矿主要使用硫酸铵、碳酸铵等化学药剂在原地进行提取,给矿山造成严重的生态破坏。以某废弃稀土矿山为对象,对废弃稀土矿山的特征进行分析,并选取评价因子,对矿山土壤、水质、底泥等环境对象进行监测。对监测结果的评价分析表明:矿区的主要环境问题是重金属和氨氮超标,治理工作的重点是对矿区裸露地表进行生态复垦,对底泥进行清淤。

The ionic rare earth ores in southern China are mainly extracted in situ by using chemical agents like ammonium sulfate,ammonium carbonate and so on,which will cause serious ecological damage to mines.Taking an abandoned rare earth mine as an object,the paper analyzes the characteristics of the abandoned rare earth mine,and selects the evaluation factors to monitor the environmental objects such as mine soil,water quality and sediment.The assessment and analysis of the monitoring results show that the main environmental problems in the mine area are resulted from heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen exceeding the standard.The focus of the control is to ecologically reclaim the exposed surface of the mine area and dredge the sediment.