俄罗斯单一型城市现状与发展政策

Current Situation and Development Policy for Russia's Monotowns

俄罗斯单一型城市的比重较大,对国家整体经济发展的影响突出。在遭遇西方经济制裁及油价下跌的双重打击后,俄罗斯经济再次陷入危机,单一型城市的发展形势更加严峻。俄政府出台一系列促使单一型城市经济稳定以及产业多元化转型的政策,尽管其投入很大,但劳动力流失、失业加剧等主要问题依然存在,甚至加剧。一方面,在俄罗斯经济去工业化和慢性停滞的条件下解决单一型城市问题并非易事,另一方面,负责执行国家发展政策的相关部门的工作效率及其监管机制,也是影响单一型城市发展政策实施效率的关键因素,俄罗斯依然没有找到解决单一型城市问题的有效办法。

In response to the severe situation of Russia′s monotowns amid economic crisis following western sanctions and the fall in oil price,Russia promulgated a series of policies to restore these towns′economic stability and facilitate multi-industry transformation.However,Russia has not yet found solutions to this problem in despite of its massive inputs and efforts owing to difficulties amid de-industrialization process,chronical recession,and the issues concerning regulatory efficiency and mechanism.