俄罗斯学前教育制度及若干启示

Russia's Preschool Education System and Relevant Enlightenments

学前教育是国家教育竞争力的基础。俄罗斯从20世纪90年代开始制度转型。从转型中建立的学前教育制度看,俄罗斯继承了苏联时期国家办学前教育的传统。本文概括了俄罗斯学前教育法规体系,分析了联邦中央、联邦主体和地方自治体对学前教育的预算保障制度,介绍了对学前教育机构的管理及对学前教育的收费和补贴制度。在实证分析和研究的基础上,本文提出,学前教育不能市场化,学前教育需要完备的法律体系,应体现社会公平。

Russia inherited the state preschool system formulated in the Soviet era.This paper analyses issues relevant to Russia′s preschool education,e.g.,law system,budgeting,management,and charging and subsidizing regulations.Based on the results from empirical analyses and research results,this paper holds that it is advisable for preschool education to manifest equality and to be protected by sound law enforcement.However,it is not advisable to introduce marketization.