空气污染对劳动力供给的影响研究——基于健康人力资本视角

A Study on the Influence of Air Pollution on Labor Supply——Based on the Perspective of Healthy Human Capital

本文以局部均衡模型和环境毒理学理论为基础,利用1996—2016年中国29个省份的数据,分析了空气污染对健康人力资本及劳动力供给的影响,并采用系统GMM方法进行内生性检验,确保回归结果的稳健性。实证结果表明,以二氧化硫为代表的颗粒污染物对劳动力供给产生了负面影响,每平方公里二氧化硫排放量每增加1%,劳动力供给将减少0. 0013%。空气污染通过影响健康水平,进而对劳动力供给产生冲击,而教育和医疗的发展能够降低空气污染带来的健康和劳动力供给损失。建议助推环保技术研发,引入惩罚和激励机制;对空气污染的直接受害劳动者群体进行科学合理的评估,完善相关法律法规;适当增加对空气污染严重区域的健康人力资本和教育人力资本的投资力度;强化企业责任意识;充分挖掘低龄老年人口的劳动力供给潜力。

Based on the local equilibrium model and environmental toxicology theory,this paper analyzes the impact of air pollution on healthy human capital and labor supply by using the data from 29 provinces in China from 1996 to 2016.In this process,the system GMM method is used for endogeneity test to ensure the robustness of the regression results.The empirical result shows that particulate pollutants represented by sulfur dioxide do have a negative impact on labor supply,that is,for every 1%increase in sulfur dioxide emissions,the labor supply will decrease by 0.0013%.Air pollution impacts labor supply by affecting health level and the development of education and health care can reduce the health and labor supply losses caused by air pollution.The following suggestions are put forward in this paper.Firstly we should promote the research and development of environmental protection technologies and introduce punishment mechanisms and incentive mechanisms.Secondly,our government should make scientific and reasonable assessment of the groups of workers directly affected by air pollution and improves relevant laws and regulations.Thirdly,investment in health human capital and education human capital in areas with serious air pollution should be appropriately increased.Fourthly,the enterprises should strengthen their sense of responsibility.Finally,we should fully exploit the labor supply potential of the elderly population.