提高农民财产性收入的省域特征及战略路径

Provincial Characteristics and Strategic Path of Increasing Farmers' Property Income

中国农民财产性收入比重与其经营收入之间总体呈现明显负相关。按照财产性收入的途径与形态,全国省份可分为快速城市化地区、领先农村产权制度改革地区、人均拥有自然资源较多地区、经济欠发达且产权改革相对滞后地区等四种类型。促进土地资产化是增进农民财产性、工资性收入与促进大农业发展一箭双雕的有效路径,需要有效率的资产组织与配置管理、规模化与专业化的资产经营组织、建立有效市场和服务体系三方面系统条件。未来应提高农民的产权合作交易与契约化理念,促进土地资产化与帮助农民取得大生产的务工机会结合,进一步去除制度性障碍,调整农村基层政府考核标准。

The proportion of property income of Chinese farmers is negatively correlated with their operating income.According to the ways and forms of property income,the provinces in China can be divided into four types:rapid urbanization area,leading rural property rights reform area,areas with more natural resources per capita,areas with less developed economy and relatively lagging property rights reform area.Promoting land capitalization is an effective way to improve farmers’property,wage income and to promote the development of agriculture.It needs three systematic conditions:efficient asset organization and allocation management,large-scale and specialized asset management organization,effective market and service system.In the future,we should improve the concept of cooperative transaction and contract of farmers’property rights,promote the combination of land capitalization and help farmers to obtain large-scale production opportunities,make further efforts to remove institutional obstacles,and adjust the assessment standards of rural grass-roots governments.