竹叶和茶叶渣对4～6月龄荷斯坦公犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和腹泻状况的影响

Effects of bamboo leaf and tea-leaves residue on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and diarrhea status of 4～6 month Holstein bull calves

试验旨在研究全混合日粮(TMR)中相同的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平下,竹叶或茶叶渣替代苜蓿对犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和腹泻状况的影响。按照随机区组设计将45头105 d的荷斯坦公犊牛分成3组,分别饲喂苜蓿(AH)、竹叶(BL)或茶叶渣(TR)为主要NDF来源的TMR。试验全期75 d,预饲期15 d,正试期60 d;每15 d进行一次称重,并计算犊牛每15 d的NDF采食量,每天晨饲前和晚上进行粪便评分,120、150 d和180 d时进行颈静脉采血。结果表明:①与苜蓿日粮相比,饲喂茶叶渣日粮的犊牛180 d体重和体尺增长率显著降低(P<0.05),饲喂BL日粮的犊牛NDF采食量、NDF采食量/体重值显著提高(P<0.05);②饲喂BL日粮有改变犊牛粪便指数的趋势(0.05<P<0.1);③相比AH日粮,饲喂TR日粮犊牛的血清非酯化脂肪酸、β-羟丁酸、生长激素和白蛋白浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,用竹叶代替苜蓿配置TMR能够改善犊牛的腹泻情况,提高健康状况,同时达到与苜蓿一致的生长性能,因此在犊牛阶段可以用竹叶替代苜蓿作为日粮中主要的NDF来源。

To study the effects of bamboo leaf or tea residue substituting alfalfa hay on calf growth,serum biochemical indices and diarrhea status at the same level of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)in total mixed diet(TMR).Forty-five Holstein bull calves(age:105 days)were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the randomized block design,15 calves in each group,feeding a total mixed ration with alfalfa hay(AH),bamboo leaf(BL)or tea-leaves residue(TR)as NDF source respectively.The test period is 75 days with 15 days of adapition period and 60 days of trial period.The NDF intake and body weight of calves was measured every 15 d.Feces were scored morning feed and at night everyday.At 120,150 days and 180 days of age,jugular vein blood collection was used for serum biochemistry determination.The results showed that:①compared with alfalfa diet,the body weight and the body measurement growth of calves fed with tea residue diet at 180 days decreased significantly(P<0.05),NDF intake and NDF intake/body weight of calves fed with BL diet increased significantly(P<0.05);②Fecal index of calves fed with BL diet decreased significantly trend compared with that fed others diet(0.05<P<0.1);③Compared with AH diet,serum nonesterified fatty acids,beta-hydroxybutyric acid growth hormone and albumim concentrations of calves fed TR diet decreased significantly(P<0.05).It can be concluded that TMR with bamboo leaves instead of alfalfa hay can improve diarrhea and health,and achieve the same growth performance as alfalfa diet.Therefore,bamboo leaves can be used as the main source of NDF in calf stage instead of alfalfa hay.