我国意大利蜂(Apis mellifera L.)两种生态型的形态学比较

Morphometric analysis for comparing two ecotypic populations of Apis mellifera L. distributed in China

为了表征意大利蜂平湖生态型体征,本研究通过形态学方法分别对180群意大利蜂平湖生态型样本(实验组)和意大利蜂原生态型样本(对照)进行了13项尺度类形态学指标测定以及测定数据离散程度比较和差异性分析。结果发现,实验组的第四蜡镜长度和第四蜡镜面积测定值均数,均明显大于对照的相应测定值均数(P<0.05);相反,它们之间的吻长度、第三背板宽度、第四背板长度、第四背板宽度、第四蜡镜宽度、前翅长度、前翅宽度、前翅面积、前翅肘脉指数、后腿跗节长度以及后腿跗节宽度测定值均数,均没有差异(P>0.05)。这提示,相对于意大利蜜蜂原生态型,意大利蜂平湖生态型形成了明显的地方体征,即长的第四蜡镜长度和大的第四蜡镜面积。

To characterize morphological features of Apis mellifera L. populations distributed in Pinghu (in Zhejiang Province, China;used as experimental group), a morphometric analysis was conducted for comparing respective 180 colonies of two ecotypic populations of Apis mellifera L. distributed in Pinghu and Jilin (in Jilin Province, China;used as control), followed by both discreteness of means of measured values and difference of the means between them. It was shown that compared to control, experimental group is significantly with longer wax mirror IV and bigger surface area of wax mirror IV (P<0.05, respectively). On the contrary, compared to control with the measurements of the others, experimental group is not with significant difference of measurements, including proboscis length, width of tergum III, both length and width of tergum IV, width of wax mirror IV, length, width, surface area, cubital index of forewing, and both length and width of metabasitarsus hindleg (P >0.05, respectively). It is suggested that Apis mellifera L. populations distributed in Pinghu is with distinct morphological features characterized as longer wax mirror IV and bigger surface area of wax mirror IV in comparation with Apis mellifera L. populations distributed in Jilin.