纳米材料应用在肿瘤诊断与治疗中:呈一体化的趋势

Nanomaterials applied in tumor imaging diagnosis and treatment:an integration tendency

背景:随着纳米技术的飞速发展,纳米材料因具有多种优势特性在生物医学中的研究及应用日益增多,也成为抗肿瘤新方法中一个极具前景的研究方向。目的:综述纳米材料在肿瘤影像诊断与各种治疗方式中的应用。方法:以"纳米材料;肿瘤影像学诊断;肿瘤治疗;生物毒性"或"nanophase materials;imaging diagnosis of tumor;nanocarriers;treatment of tumors;biological toxicity"为检索词,检索万方、爱思维尔数据库和PubMed数据库中关于纳米材料在肿瘤影像诊断与治疗中应用的文章。结果与结论:纳米材料具有独特的理化性质和可塑造性,可通过特异性修饰成为具有靶向性的、可携带抗肿瘤药物或活性因子的一类医用材料,并且能通过多种多样的修饰和结构改变以适应不同的需求,在医用领域有着不可限量的前景。目前,纳米材料在肿瘤诊疗方面并非独立的,而是呈一体化趋势,即先靶向至肿瘤组织处,在影像学诊断的同时释放活性药物,或通过光热转化等形式对肿瘤进行杀灭。

BACKGROUND: With the rapid development of nano-technology, the research and application of nanomaterials in biomedicine are increasing due to various advantages. It becomes a promising research direction in new anti-tumor methods. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of nanomaterials in imaging diagnosis and treatment of tumors. METHODS: The authors retrieved articles about the application of nanomaterials in tumor imaging diagnosis and treatment in WanFang, VIP, Elsevier and PubMed databases. The keywords were “nanophase materials, imaging diagnosis of tumor, nanocarriers, treatment of tumors, biological toxicity” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Due to its unique physical and chemical properties and plasticity, nanomaterials can become targeted medical materials that can carry anti-tumor drugs or active factors through specific modifications. Moreover, nanomaterials can adapt to different demands through various modifications and structural changes. Therefore, they have an unlimited prospect in the medical field. Currently, nanomaterials are not independent in the aspects of tumor diagnosis and treatment, but show an integration trend;that is, they are first targeted to tumor tissues, release active drugs during imaging diagnosis, or kill tumors through photothermal transformation.