骨科金属植入物抗菌修饰的优点与问题

Antimicrobial modification for orthopedic metal implants:merits and demerits

背景:骨科植入物感染是骨科有待解决的问题,目前研究者们正在努力赋予植入物抗感染功能,植入物抗菌活性研究已成为研究的热点。目的:介绍了近年来骨科金属植入物修饰的方法。方法:应用计算机检索Science Direct online数据库2005至2019年发表的相关文献,检索关键词为"antimicrobial,coating";检索万方数据库、维普中文期刊服务平台2005至2018年发表的相关文献,检索关键词"抗菌,涂层"。结果与结论:当前对骨科植入物的抗菌改性处理主要分植入物自身的抗菌改性处理与植入物表面抗菌改性处理,其中植入物表面抗菌改性方法主要有电化学改性、微弧氧化、磁控溅射法、喷涂法、化学转化、激光表面修饰、等离子体注入、纳米球光刻、溶胶/凝胶法、水热法、逐层组装、多种方法联合处理等,每种抗菌修饰方法均有其优缺点。

BACKGROUND: Infection of orthopedic implants is a problem to be solved. Currently, scholars are trying to endow orthopedic implants with an anti-infection function, and the research on antibacterial activity of implants has been a hot topic. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the modification methods of orthopedic metal implants in recent years. METHODS: Science Direct online (2015-2019), WanFang (2015-2018) and VIP (2015-2018) databases were retrieved for literatures using the keywords of “antimicrobial, coating” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The currently used antimicrobial modification for orthopedic implants mainly consists of the self-antibacterial modification of the implant and the antibacterial modification on the surface of the implant. The antibacterial modification methods on the surface of the implant mainly include electrochemical modification method, magnetron sputtering method, spraying method, chemical conversion method, laser surface modification method, plasma injection method, nanosphere photolithography, sol/gel method, hydrothermal method, layer-by-layer assembly and combined treatment of various methods. Each antimicrobial modification method has its own merits and demerits.