论BBNJ协定与《南极条约》体系的协调

Harmonization Between the BBNJ Agreement and the Antarctic Treaty System

《南极条约》体系适用于南纬60度以南的陆地与海洋,《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称“《公约》”)适用于全球的海洋,以其为基础的一系列条约组成的《公约》体系同样如此。因此,南纬60度以南的海域将受到2个条约体系的同时约束。在《南极条约》体系内,《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》及根据该公约所建立的南极海洋生物资源养护委员会已针对公海保护区及IUU捕捞等问题采取相应措施;此外,南极条约协商会议已经在2002年注意到南极陆地与海洋生物遗传资源的利用,相关的立法工作也已在该协商会议框架下启动。这些问题也是《公约》体系内国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性养护和可持续利用协定(以下简称“BBNJ协定”)的核心内容。有关BBNJ协定的国际立法工作目前正如火如荼地进行,各国代表们应注意到上述现象,并应对该协定与《南极条约》体系的协调进行探讨,以为将来BBNJ协定在南极海域的适用打下基础。

The Antarctic Treaty system applies to the land and ocean south of 60°south latitude;the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)applies to all the oceans of the world,so does the system consisting of a series of treaties under the UNCLOS.It implies that the sea area south of that latitude is regulated simultaneously by the UNCLOS system and Antarctic Treaty system.Within the framework of the Antarctic Treaty system,the Convention on Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CAMLR Convention)and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR)established under the CAMLR Convention,have taken measures with respect to issues like illegal,unreported and unregulated fishing(IUU Fishing)and marine protected areas on the high seas.Additionally,the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting(ATCM)had taken note of the utilization of Antarctic land and marine genetic resources in 2002,within whose framework the relevant legislation work has been initiated.These issues are also the core matters that the agreement under the UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction(hereinafter referred to as“BBNJ Agreement”)seeks to address.The legislation work concerning the drafting of such an agreement is aggressively underway.The delegates participating in such work should be aware of the situation above and discuss the harmonization between the agreement and the Antarctic Treaty system,so as to pave way for its application in the Antarctic waters.