蒙古佛教乐舞“查玛”宗教内涵及其表现特征

Religious Connotations and Characteristic of Mongolian Buddhist“Chama”Music Dance

本文主要对查玛乐舞的宗教内涵和表现特征进行了较系统论述。格鲁派佛教寺院法事活动中的"查玛"乐舞表演有明确的形象分工和宗教文化内涵。"查玛"乐舞是寺院法事活动中的重要内容之一,其宗教文化内涵和表现特征具有很强的共性特征,在施法表演过程中出场神祇的多少与寺庙规模有直接关系而有多寡之别,从十几个、几十个到上百个不等,从内容方面每个寺院的传统和法事活动的需要,查玛乐舞传统也有一定的差异。查玛乐舞表演的每个片断中出现的神祇形象是以独舞表演、双人舞表演和群舞表演等不同形式展现施法或演绎过程。

The religious connotations and performance characteristics of Chama music dance are discussed systematically in this paper.There are clear image divisions and religious cultural connotations in Chama music dance performances ofreligiousceremonies of Gelug Buddhist monasteries.“Chama”music and dance is one of the important contents of temple religious ceremonies.There is strong commonness in its religious cultural connotations and manifestations.Number of gods appearing in performances is directly related to the size of temples,ranging from dozens,dozens to hundreds.In terms of content,there are some differences between the traditions of each monastery and the needs of religious ceremonies.God images appearing in each segment of Chama music dance performance show the process of spell or deduction in different forms,such as solo dance,double dance and group dance.