秦皇岛市育龄女性孕前接种麻疹疫苗调查研究

Investigation of measles vaccine vaccination in reproductive life women before pregnancy in Qinhuangdao City

目的观察秦皇岛市育龄女性孕前接种麻疹疫苗(MV)的效果,并探讨孕前接种MV的时间对婴儿麻疹抗体水平的影响。方法 450例育龄女性作为研究对象,按照其孕前接种的MV时间分成A组(孕前3～6个月进行MV接种)、B组(孕前7～12个月进行MV接种)、C组(孕前> 12个月进行MV接种),每组150例,比较3组孕妇在接种后出现的不良反应情况、接种前及接种后1个月的麻疹IgG抗体水平,观察其孕前接种MV的效果。结果 3组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。接种后1个月,A组、B组、C组麻疹IgG抗体水平较接种前均上升明显(P <0. 05);接种前、接种后1个月3组麻疹IgG抗体水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。接种前3组麻疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),接种前、接种后1个月3组组内麻疹IgG抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。接种前3组麻疹保护性抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05);接种前和接种后1个月3组组内麻疹保护性抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01)。分娩时,3组母亲麻疹IgG抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05); 3组母亲所产新生儿麻疹IgG抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。分娩时,3组母亲麻疹保护性抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05),3组母亲所产新生儿麻疹保护性抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论育龄女性接种在接种时都可能出现一定的不良反应,且MV的最佳时间为孕前3～12个月,在此时间段内接种可以更好地增加婴儿麻疹的抗体水平,减少育龄女性及婴儿的麻疹发病率,具有比较显著的疾病预防价值。

Objective To observe the effects of measles vaccine(MV)inoculation in reproductive life women before pregnancy in Qinhuangdao City,and to explore the influence of MV inoculation time before pregnancy on the levels of measles antibody of infants.Methods A total of 450 reproductive life women who underwent premarital examination in our hospital from March 2016 to April 2017 were enrolled in the study,who were divided into group A(MV vaccination at 3 to 6 months before pregnancy),group B(MV vaccination at 7 to 12 months before pregnancy)and group C(MV vaccination more than 12 months before pregnancy)according to the vaccination time,with 150 cases in each group.The adverse reactions after vaccination,measles IgG antibody levels before and at 1 month after vaccination as well as the effects of MV vaccination before pregnancy were observed and compared among the three groups.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups(P >0.05).At 1 month after the inoculation the levels of measles IgG antibody in the three goups were significantly increased,as compared with those before inoculation(P<0.05).However there were no significantly differences in the levels of measles IgG antibody before inocalation and at one month after inoculation among the 3 groups(P >0.05).Moreover there was no significantly difference in the positive rate of the measles IgG antibody before inoculation among the 3 groups(P >0.05).However there were significantly differences in the positive rates of the measles IgG antibody before inoculation and at one month after inoculation among the 3 groups(P<0.05).There were no significantly difference in protective antibody positive rates of the measles before inoculation among the 3 groups(P >0.05),but there were significantly differences in protective antibody positive rates of the measles before inoculation and at one month after inoculation among the 3 groups(P<0.01).There was significant difference in the positive rate of measles IgG antibody(P<0.05),and there were significant differences in the positive rates of measles IgG antibody of neonates born by the mothers among the 3 groups(P<0.05).On delivery,there were significant differences in the measles protective antibody positive rates of the mothers among the 3 groups(P<0.05),in addition there were significant differences in measles protective antibody positive rates of neonates born the mothers among the 3 groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The some adverse reactions may occur in reproductive life women during vaccination,and the best time of MV inoculation is 3 to 12 months before pregnancy,and the vaccination in this period can increase the measles antibody levels of neonates,reduce the incidence rate of measles in reproductive life women and neonates,which has a significant value of disease prevention.