基于车载诊断系统数据研究限行措施对小汽车出行特征的影响

The Impact of Vehicle Limitation on Travel Characteristics Based on On-Board Diagnostic Data

基于海量车载诊断系统(on-board diagnostic,OBD)数据,通过对车辆在限行日以及非限行日的车辆出行率变化、车辆的OD点变化、车辆的出行距离变化以及车辆的出行时段分布这几个方面展开分析,以探索城市限行措施对小汽车出行行为特征的影响。分析结果表明,在限行日样本车辆的出行率不足非限行日50%,其中35%的样本车辆不在限行日出行。出行距离的平均数及中位数对比非限行日减少了40%;通过对一周出行距离的计算,在这一周内限行措施使得北京市五环内路网平均每日减少13%的普通小汽车的车辆行驶里程。限行日的短距离出行频次占比也高于非限行日(44%vs 32%)。此外,部分车辆在限行日呈现"早出晚归"的出行特征以规避限行。这一点在具有通勤特征的车辆群体中表现得尤为明显;在限行日有41%出行频次发生在非限行时段,且"晚归"的比例远高于"早出"。由此也导致限行时段结束时(20:00)出现一个明显的车辆启动的高峰。

The effects of urban traffic restriction scheme was focused on.The travel rates,the OD distribution and the travel distance are analyzed by using OBD data.It is showed that on the day of travel restriction,the travel rate is reduced by 50%,and 35%of the vehicles stopped driving on that day.The average and median daily travel distance reduced by 40%.Based on the data of one week,it is showed that the average daily VMT in Beijing urban road network reduced by 13%under the influence of traffic restriction scheme.The percentage of short-distance trips on restriction day is higher(44%vs 32%).In addition,some vehicles exhibit the trip characteristics of“set out early and return late”on restriction day,especially for the vehicle group with commuting characteristics,trip the trips concentrated within the unlimited time account for 41%on restriction day,and the proportion of“return late”is higher than“set out early”.This also led to a significant peak hour at the begining of the unlimited time(20:00).