智能机器的道德问题研究

On the Moral Problems of Intelligent Machines

近年来,智能机器的相关道德问题引起了公众越来越高的关注度。与常识观点认为机器不可能对自己的行为负责不同,站在相容论立场上,一台其行为由其行动决策机制因果地决定,且为公众社会情绪所接纳的机器的道德主体性在原则上是可接受的。为了使机器能够合乎道德地行动,一个道德行动机制是必要的。智能机器的道德行动机制有动态设计和静态设计两类基础设计思路,它们大体上分别适用于所需处理问题领域较复杂和较简单的智能机器。

In recent years,the relevant moral problems of intelligent machines have attracted more and more public attention.Despite the commonsense viewpoint that it is impossible for a machine to be morally responsible for its behaviors,the moral subjectivity of a machine is generally acceptable as long as the behaviors of the machine are causally determined by its action decision mechanism,and the machine is admitted by the public social emotion.A moral action mechanism is necessary for a machine able to act morally.Dynamic design and static design are two fundamental types of design for the moral action mechanisms of intelligent machines.In general,they respectively apply to intelligent machines used in domains where more complex problems and simpler problems will be dealt with.