基于语料库的英美汉学家方言词汇翻译规范研究

A Corpus-Based Study of Dialect Translation Norms of Four Sinologists

莫言获奖后,中国现当代小说中方言词汇的英译策略及规范研究引起了译界的关注,但使用方言小说语料库进行实证研究的并不多。文章以葛浩文、蓝诗玲、罗鹏和陶忘机的多部乡土小说为语料,自建小型方言语料库对英美汉学家的方言词汇翻译策略进行统计分析,尝试对汉学家们在翻译方言过程中表现出来的初始规范和操作规范展开描述性研究。语料数据显示,四位英美汉学家的方言词汇英译策略,按异化倾向的强弱其顺序为:罗鹏>葛浩文>蓝诗玲>陶忘机。初始规范层面,罗鹏明显选择遵循原文规范,译文充分性最高;陶忘机更为遵循译文规范,译文更侧重可接受性,而葛浩文和蓝诗玲则在两者间较为平衡,在原文规范和译文规范的连续体中居于中间位置;操作规范层面,汉学家们显示出一定的共性,均遵循英美社会的主流翻译操作规范,省译较少,译文完整性较好,脚尾注使用不多,且都采用当今英语的标准通用语来翻译汉语方言词汇;而译者们在翻译过程中又表现出具有个体差异的译者规范。

Based on the self-built corpus of 7 Chinese modern and contemporary folk novels translated by Julia Lovel,Carlos Rojas and John Balcom and 10 of Mo Yan′s folk novels translated by Howard Goldblatt,this paper summarizes the translation strategy of dialect words,expressions and makes a descriptive research of the translation norms that four sinologists followed in their translations.The research shows that Carlos Rojas is more foreignization-oriented and John Balcom employs domestication most among the four,while the translations of Julia Lovell and Howard Goldblatt are well balanced between foreignization and domestication.At the level of initial norms,Carlos Rojas follows the norms of the source culture and John Balcom follows the norms of the target culture.Julia Lovell and Howard Goldblatt follow both.At the level of operational norms the four sinologists show a tendency of following the mainstream translation norms:in the aspect of matricial norms,they mainly omit vulgar words and dialect words repeatedly used,and they seldom add footnotes and endnotes;in the aspect of textual-linguistic norms they apply modern standard popular English words in translating dialect words and expressions.Different translators′norms are also presented in their practice due to different translation views and preferences.