四氟硼酸盐离子液体改性漂珠的制备及其阻燃热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的研究

Preparation of Modified Floating Beads Using Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid and Its Flame Retardancy in Thermoplastic Polyurethane

采用离子液体[EOOEMIm][BF4]改性粉煤灰漂珠(FB)制备了一种新型阻燃剂FB@[EOOEMIm][BF4],并用于阻燃热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)。通过扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)手段研究了FB@[EOOEMIm][BF4]的结构与元素分布特点,并且通过锥形量热仪(CCT)、烟密度仪(SDT)、热重(TG)及热重红外联用(TG-IR)等手段研究了TPU的阻燃及热降解性能。CCT实验表明:FB@[EOOEMIm][BF4]能够显著提高TPU的阻燃性能,热释放速率(HRR)、总热释放(THR)和生烟速率(SPR)等参数明显降低,其中当FB@[EOOEMIm][BF4]添加量质量分数为1.000%时,HRR峰值(356.3kW·m-2)较纯TPU(1 172.9kW·m-2)和含相同含量FB的样品(588.8kW·m-2)的HRR峰值分别降低了69.6%和39.5%。SDT实验表明:在无焰条件下,FB@[EOOEMIm][BF4]能够显著提高TPU的光通量,降低烟的产量。TG实验表明:FB@[EOOEMIm][BF4]能够显著提高TPU的热稳定性能,提高TPU的成炭能力。TG-IR实验表明:FB@[EOOEMIm][BF4]能够提高TPU的热稳定性,降低烟颗粒及有毒、有害气体的生成。

In this paper,a new type of flame retardant FB@[EOOEMIm][BF 4]was prepared by modifying fly-ash floating beads(FB)with ionic liquid[EOOEMIm][BF 4]and applied in flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).The structure and element distribution properties of FB@[EOOEMIm][BF 4]tested by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS).And the flame retardant and thermal degradation characteristics of TPU composites were tested using cone calorimeter test(CCT),smoke density test(SDT),thermogravimetric(TG)and thermogravimetric/fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(TG-IR),etc.The CCT revealed that FB@[EOOEMIm][BF 4]can greatly enhance the flame retardant of TPU.And the heat release rate(HRR),total heat release(THR)and smoke production rate(SPR)of TPU composites with FB@[EOOEMIm][BF 4]were significantly reduced.Remarkably,the peak of HRR of the sample with 1.000%FB@[EOOEMIm][BF 4](356.3 kW·m^-2)was reduced by 69.6%and 39.5%compared with pure TPU(1 172.9 kW·m^-2)and the sample with the same loading of FB(588.8 kW·m^-2).The SDT results indicated that FB@[EOOEMIm][BF 4]could greatly improve the luminous flux(LF)of TPU composites in the test without flame and reduce the production of smoke.The TG test showed that FB@[EOOEMIm][BF 4]can improve the thermal stability of TPU composites and promote the char formation in the combustion process of TPU.