21世纪以来日本外国人政策的变化特征及其影响因素探析

An Analysis of the Characteristics of Japan's Policy Change towards Foreigners in the 21st Century and Its Affecting Factors

论文揭示了21世纪以来日本历任内阁在移民政策制定上的争论;分析了针对日本现行的劳动力开国战略、观光立国战略、人才强国战略等外国人接纳政策的现状、影响及发展趋势;阐明了担心重蹈欧洲移民问题覆辙、邻国人口过度涌入、外来移民引发社会问题等是日本不解禁移民政策的顾虑因素;探讨了在外国人政策不完备的日本社会环境下,旅日中国人选择适应而不同化的异质共存模式生存发展策略。论文认为,适应而不同化,即选择性地融入迁入地文化与社会结构的异质共存模式生存发展策略,更符合从物理空间到精神空间频繁往返于双方社会的新一代中国跨境迁移者的实际需求;同时,也有利于日本构建起不以同化为必要条件的共生地域社会,从而激发外国人族群释放更多红利。

This paper reveals the debates on immigration policy-making within successive Japanese cabinets in the 21st century and analyzes the status quo,affecting factors,and future tendency of Japan’s strategies towards foreigners with regard to opening up labour market,developing tourism,and attracting talents.It also explains why Japan is reluctant to remove restrictions on immigration,for it worries about repeating the troubles caused by immigrants that European countries have suffered from.Given that Japan’s policy towards foreigners is incomplete,the Chinese in Japan have adopted a strategy of survival,in which they choose to adapt to the local society,but not become assimilated.The author argues that their strategy of heterogeneous coexistence with Japanese matches the needs of a new generation of transnational Chinese who frequently travel between two different physical and spiritual spaces.Japan also benefits from this Chinese strategy during its construction of a cohesive society,in which non-assimilated foreigners can be stimulated to contribute to their host country.