抗战时期国民政府救侨政策再检讨——以张天爵报告为考察起点

Revisiting the National Government's Policy of Rescuing Overseas Chinese during the Anti-Japanese War: Zhang Tianjue's Report as a Catalyst to Examine

论文在梳理了1941—1942年紧急救侨工作概况的基础上,通过对时任广东侨务处处长张天爵的一份调查报告的解读,从政策学的角度分析了抗战期间(特别是太平洋战争爆发后)国民政府的救侨政策中存在的问题。如信息发布滞后或不达;各地侨务局执行能力不足;国民政府机构权力交叉,责权不清,执行不力;国民政府侨务工作态度暧昧等。抗战爆发后,海外华侨的热情及其对祖国的支援,促使国民党对海外华侨给予重视,救侨政策在此背景下取得了较大的成效。但在政策学上,公共政策不仅是一个决定,更是政府为了达到某一目标而采取的一系列活动,研究中需要对其进行全面并且连续的考察。

Through analyzing an investigative report by Zhang Tianjue,Ex-director of the Guangdong Overseas Chinese Affairs Office,this article gives an overview of the National government’s emergent work of rescuing overseas Chinese in 1941 and 1942.From a perspective of policy analysis,the paper examines the inherent problems of the rescue work during the Anti-Japanese War,especially after the Pacific War broke out.It points out problems such as sluggish communication,bureaucracy within local authorities,and the National Government’ ambiguous attitude towards the Chinese overseas.Overseas Chinese were passionate about supporting China,which prompted the KMT to pay attention to them and thus achieved a great success in the implementation of the rescuing-overseas Chinese policy.