应用于高速磁浮滑橇系统的常导电磁铁结构设计与优化

Structural Design and Optimization of the Normal Conductive Electromagnet for High Speed Maglev Test Track System

采用常导磁悬浮技术来解决传统高速滑橇系统中滑橇磨损严重、橇体振荡剧烈等问题。阐述了一套以浮重比为优化目标、纯电励磁与混合励磁式通用的常导悬浮电磁铁的设计流程,建立了悬浮电磁铁的等效磁路模型,并根据悬浮系统的设计输入要求完成了纯电励磁和混合励磁式悬浮电磁铁的初步设计;在此基础上,借助Ansoft有限元仿真软件,完成了两种悬浮电磁铁结构的优化。对比分析两者的设计参数,结果表明:在铁心饱和磁密为1.8 T的限制条件下,电磁铁的磁极截面为正方形时,其浮重比最高;对于混合励磁式电磁铁而言,永磁体的加入大幅减小了电磁铁的体积与自重,显著提高了电磁铁的浮重比,能够增加系统的有效载荷,且降低系统的能耗。

In conventional high speed test track systems, there exist some problems such as serious skid wear and sharp oscillation of the skid. Normal conductive electromagnet technology was used to solve these problems. A design process which was suitable for both electromagnetic suspension and hybrid suspension was put forward for the electromagnet structure, taking the ratio of levitation force to gravity as the optimization objective. The equivalent magnetic circuit model of the electromagnet was established, and the preliminary design was completed for electromagnetic suspension and hybrid suspension schemes based on the design requirements of the levitation system. Both structures were further optimized using the Ansoft finite element simulation software. By analyzing the design parameters of both schemes, it was shown that when the magnetic pole section of electromagnet was square, the ratio of levitation force to gravity was the highest;with the addition of permanent magnets, the volume and weight of electromagnets were greatly reduced, the ratio of levitation force to gravity was largely improved, the effective load of the system was increased, and the power loss was reduced.