世界设施园艺智能化装备发展对中国的启示研究

Development of intelligent equipment for protected horticulture in world and enlightenment to China

设施园艺智能化是实现园艺产品播种移栽、栽培管理、环境调控、监测预警、作物采收、内部物流等全过程数字化、精细化、自主化的高级生产形态,是当前包括中国在内的世界农业智能化装备的研发热点和产业升级重点。为在全球设施园艺智能化装备发展的大格局下科学定位中国的发展路径,指导中国设施园艺智能化装备的研发和推广,需要对世界各国在该领域的发展现状和趋势进行研究分析。该文以全球设施园艺领域个人、企业和科研机构在智能化方面的主要研究内容和装备开发重点为基础,从全产业链的角度,分析世界设施园艺智能化装备的发展现状。籽种生产在播种、移栽等环节上已初步实现了智能化应用;作物生产在植株调整、授粉、植保和收获等环节正加快研发,剪叶、巡检等部分智能化装备已经进入商业化试用;仓储物流在内部运输、分级分选、清洗、包装等智能化方面不断完善,智能苗床输送、运输机器人已大量应用,高速分选、包装机器人等在加快研发。分析发现,世界设施园艺智能化装备需求增长快、研发方向逐步聚焦、更加注重绿色安全、单机商业化速度加快、系统集成的全智能化生产设施开始出现。研究分析成果对中国设施园艺智能化的科技战略和产业政策制订、科研立项、成果评价、国际合作、装备研发及推广等工作提供参考和借鉴。

Intelligent protected horticulture is the advanced production form of digitization,refinement and automation in the whole process of horticultural products seeding and transplanting,cultivation management,environmental controlling,monitoring and early warning,harvesting and inner logistic etc.It is the hotspot of research and development and also the focus of agriculture upgrading both in China and overseas.In order to locate the development path of China and guide the research and development of the intelligent equipment of Chinese protected horticulture,it is necessary to study and analyze the current status and trend of the world's development in this field.Based on the individuals’,enterprises’and institutes’main research in intelligent technology and equipment,the status and prospect of theintelligent equipment are analyzed.Intelligent seed production has been preliminarily realized in sowing and transplanting.The development of intelligent crop production in the aspects of plant adjustment,pollination,plant protection and harvest is speeding up.Some intelligent equipment such as leaf cutting and inspection has entered commercialized trial.Intelligent storage logistics has been continuously improved continuously in internal transportation,classification separation,cleaning,packaging and so on.The intelligent seedbed conveying and transportation robot has been widely applied,and research for high-speed sorting and packaging robots are accelerating research and development.It is found that the demand for intelligent equipment in the world protected horticulture is growing rapidly,the direction of research and development is gradually focused,green and safety are concerned more,commercialization of single machine is accelerating,and the systematic integrated intelligent production facilities are beginning to emerge.The research and analysis results have important reference for the scientific and technological strategy and industrial policy formulation,scientific research projectapproval,achievement evaluation,international cooperation and equipment research and development forintelligent protected horticulture in China.