施肥水平对全膜覆土穴播冬小麦中粱30号群体动态及产量的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Level on Population Dynamics and Yield of Zhongliang 30 Hole-sowed with Whole Field Plastic-soil Mulching

通过采用不同施肥水平研究对全膜覆土穴播冬小麦中梁30号群体动态及产量的影响,结果表明,低肥(折合施N 50.60 kg/hm^2,P_2O_514.88 kg/hm^2,K_2O 10.20 kg/hm^2)、中肥(折合施N 101.20 kg/hm^2,P_2O_536.60 kg/hm^2,K_2O 25.50 kg/hm^2)、高肥(折合施N 151.8 kg/hm^2,P_2O_554.96 kg/hm^2,K_2O 40.80 kg/hm^2)处理下中梁30号的出苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期均随施肥量的增加而提前1～2 d,而成熟期则推迟,说明施肥能促进冬小麦的前期生长。成穗数、结实小穗数和有效穗数均随施肥量的增加而增加,而穗均粒数和千粒重在中肥水平下为最高,高肥处理反而使穗均粒数和千粒重下降。氮磷钾配施高肥与中肥相比增产不显著,中肥施用量较适宜。

The effects of different fertilization levels on population dynamics and yield of winter wheat Zhongliang 30 hole-sowed with whole field palstic-soil mulching were studied in the field experiment. The results showed that the seedling stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage of Zhongliang 30 were all advanced by 1~2 days with increasing amount of fertiliztion under low fertilizer treatment (N 50.60 kg/hm^2, P2O514.88 kg/hm^2, K2O 10.20 kg/hm^2, medium fertilization treatment (N 101.20 kg/hm^2,P2O5 36.60 kg/hm^2,K2O 25.50 kg/hm^2), and high fertiliztion treatment(N 151.8 kg/hm^2,P2O5 54.96 kg/hm^2,K2O 40.80 kg/hm^2), while the maturity period was delayed, indicating that fertilization could promote the early growth of wheat. The ear number, spikelet number and effective panicle number increased with the increase of fertilizer application, the average number of grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight were the highest at medium fertiliztion level, the average number of grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight decreased at high fertiliztion treatment. Compared with medium fertiliztion, high fertiliztion of N, P and K fertilizer had no significant increase in yield, and the medium fertiliztion was appropriate.