项目制扶贫:运作逻辑、实施困境与改进策略

Project-based Poverty Alleviation:Operational Logic,Implementation Dilemma and Improvement Strategy

项目制扶贫是当前中国农村扶贫减贫、促进新农村建设的主要方式之一。其运作模式受到中央、地方政府、村两委和农民四个行为主体的影响。项目制扶贫在当前精准扶贫工作中取得了较为显著的成绩,但一些地方仍存在项目资源分配不均衡、"专家治国"色彩下的目标缺陷、政府自利性和官员绩效考核的双重影响、农民主体地位的缺失等问题。为此,应改进项目制扶贫的方法策略,实现资源主体与贫困主体的直接对接、重塑贫困群体在扶贫项目中的主体地位、调整和转变基层政权的角色、充分发挥乡村精英的动员和领导作用,有效解决当前面临的主要难题。

Project-based poverty alleviation is one of the main ways to promote poverty alleviation and promote new rural construction in rural China.Its mode of operation is influenced by the four main actors of the central and local governments,the village committees and the farmers.Project-based poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results in the current precise poverty alleviation work,but there are still four problems of uneven distribution of project resources,target defects under the“experts ruling the country”,dual influence of governmental self-interest and official performance appraisal,and absence of farmers’main body status.To this end,we should improve the methodological strategy for project poverty alleviation,realize the direct connection between resource subjects and poor subjects,reshape the dominant position of poverty groups in poverty alleviation projects,adjust and transform the role of grassroots political power,and give full play to the mobilization and leadership of rural elites to effectively solve the main problems faced at present.