锂离子电池硅基负极材料研究进展

Research progress of silicon-based anode materials for Li-ion battery

锂离子二次电池是迄今发展最为迅速的化学电源之一,并以其特有的优点如循环性能好、自放电小及库仑效率高等成为人们研究的热点,提高锂离子电池电化学性能的关键是选取性能良好的正负极材料。硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料具有极高的比容量,但硅负极在充放电过程时体积变化巨大和电导率低限制了其应用。目前,改善硅材料性能的方法主要有:材料纳米化、结构特殊化以及复合化。对锂离子电池硅基负极材料改性方法的最新研究进展进行了综述,并展望了硅基负极材料的应用前景。

Rechargeable Li-ion batteries are one of the fastest developed electrochemical power sources so far,and have become a research hotspot for their unique advantages such as good cycling performance,low self-discharging and high coulombic efficiency,and the key to enhance the electrochemical properties of Li-ion batteries is to choose high-performance cathode and anode materials.Silicon-based material was with extremely high specific capacity as the anode materials in Li-ion batteries,but its application was limited by the large volume change and low conductivity of silicon anode during charging and discharging.Currently,nano-materials,preparing special structural materials and fabricating composite materials were the methods to improve the performance of silicon anode material.The latest research progress in the modification methods of silicon-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries was reviewed,and its prospects were also discussed.