NCAA业余性原则的实践及启示

Practice and enlightenment of NCAA amateurism principle

业余性原则作为NCAA的基本原则之一,有效地保障了美国大学竞技体育的持续发展,但其也存在若干缺陷。从利益相关者的视角,剖析了NCAA业余性原则实践过程中的优缺点。研究认为NCAA的业余性原则实践的积极作用包括:推动美国高校竞技体育人才全面发展;抑制高校竞技体育发展过度商业化;保障了职业体育联盟的利益;获得了美国政府对非盈利组织的政策支持。消极作用包括:学生运动员的发展受阻;高校出现违规行为;NCAA竞技人才培养模式受到威胁。立足我国高校竞技体育发展现状,获得如下启示:辩证看待NCAA业余性原则;坚持竞技体育赛事的商业化运作;妥善处理各个利益主体的利益诉求;完善我国高校竞技体育赛事管理体制。

Despite of some shortcomings,amateurism as one of the basic principles of National Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA),has effectively protected the sustainable development of competitive sports in American colleges.From the perspective of stakeholders,the advantages and disadvantages of NCAA amateurism principle in practice are analyzed.Research shows that the active role of the principle includes:promoting the all-round development of athletic talents in American colleges;inhibiting over-commercialization of athletics in American colleges;safeguarding the interests of professional sports federations;obtaining the policy support from the U.S.government to non-profit organizations.The negative effects include:the development of student athletes is hampered;irregularities occur in colleges;the NCAA athletic talent training program is under threat.Based on the status quo of competitive sports development in China,the following enlightenments are obtained:adhering to a dialectical view of the amateurism principle of NCAA;insisting on the commercial operation of competitive sports events;properly handling the interest demands of various stakeholders;perfecting the management system of athletic events in colleges in China.