黄海海水温度月变化与鲑鱼养殖的适应性

Monthly Change of Seawater Temperature in the Yellow Sea and the Adaptability of Salmon Farming

鲑鱼(Oncorhynchus)属冷水性鱼,其生长对水温条件极敏感,生存的上限水温一般不超过20℃。本文利用历史上80年的海表和海底的平均温度数据,分析了鲑鱼生长的适宜温度窗口、休眠温度窗口和死亡窗口;结合黄海底层冷水团的年际变化,讨论了不同月份鲑鱼适宜生长的海域。研究发现,黄海冷水团提供了鲑鱼顺利度夏的天然场所;南黄海在一年中适宜窗口出现的时间最长,但不论是表底温差还是海表面温度,变化都比较较大;北黄海在一年中适宜窗口出现的时间短,但表底温度变化较小。研究结果表明,在黄海,养殖鲑鱼的水温条件最佳的位置位于济州岛北部,朝鲜半岛南的近岸海域,对于中国,养殖鲑鱼的水温条件最佳的位置位于辽东半岛南部;但是,台风对相关区域影响较大,生产实践中应充分考虑多种因素的综合影响。

Salmon is a rind of cold-water fish,whose growth is extremely sensitive to water temperature conditions,and the upper limit of water temperature for survival generally does not exceed 20 °C.In this paper,the optimum temperature window,dormancy temperature window and death window of salmon growth were analyzed by means of the average sea surface and seabed temperature calculated from the measured data from 1907 to 1986.Combined with the interannual variation of the cold water mass at the bottom of the Yellow Sea,the suitable waters for the growth ofo Salmon in different months were discussed.It is found that the Yellow Sea provides a natural place for Salmon to be smooth in summer.the South Yellow Sea has the longest time in the appropriate window in a year.But whether it is the temperature difference between the bottom and the surface or the sea surface temperature,the temperature changes greatly.The North Yellow Sea has a short time for suitable window in a year,but the temperature at the bottom does not change much.In the Yellow Sea,the best location for Salmon is located in the northern part of Jeju Island,by the coastal waters southwest of the Korean Peninsula.For China,The best location for farming Salmon is in the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula,followed by the southern part of the Shandong Peninsula.