饲料霉菌毒素的危害及其控制措施

Harm of Mycotoxins in Feed and Control Measures

霉菌毒素是普遍存在的,是有害的真菌代谢产物。玉米、小麦等谷物是饲料中霉菌毒素的主要来源。所有饲料都可以作为霉菌生存的环境,据联合国粮农组织估计,每年全球有多达25%的食品和饲料被污染。随着饲料工业的发展,大量饲料成品以及原料处于生产、储存、销售的流程过程中,饲料及其原料很容易受到霉菌污染而造成霉变。饲料被霉菌及霉菌毒素污染已成为饲料业和畜牧业生产中不可忽视的问题。霉菌毒素对人及动物的危害性已经被人们所公认。饲料被霉菌污染后,主要引起两个方面的危害:一是霉菌可以引起饲料的变质,被霉菌污染的饲料,其饲用价值降低,甚至完全失去商品价值,从而造成巨大的经济损失;二是饲料被霉菌污染后,霉菌毒素除直接使畜禽中毒致死外,更为严重的是使畜禽的免疫机能和生产性能下降,长期处于亚健康状态。本文介绍了霉菌及霉菌毒素的概念,分析了霉菌毒素在饲料中的普遍性,综述了霉菌毒素性危害,提出来解决霉菌毒素问题较为合理的方案。

Mycotoxins are ubiquitous and harmful lungal metabolites.Corn,wheat and corn are the main source ol mycotoxin.All feed materials are likely to become hotbeds lor mould survival.According to FAO estimates,up to 25%ol the world's food and feed are contaminated every year.With the development ol feed industry,a large number ol finished feed products and raw materials are easy to be contaminated by mould and cause mildew in the process ol production,storage and sale.Feed contaminated by mould and mycotoxin has become a problem that can not be ignored in leed industry and animal husbandry production.The harmlulness ol mycotoxin to human beings and animals has been recognized.Alter the feed contaminated by moulds,two main hazards are caused:mold causes feed deterioration.Feed contaminated by fungi can reduce its feeding value or even lose its commodity value completely,thus causing huge economic losses.Alter the leed is contaminated by mould,mycotoxin not only directly lethally poisons livestock and poultry,but also seriously decreases the immune lunction and production perlormance ol livestock and poultry,and is in a sub-healthy state lor a long time.This paper introduces the concepts ol mould and mycotoxin,analyses the universality ol mycotoxin in feed,summarizes the harm ol my-cotoxin,and puts lorward a reasonable scheme to solve the problem ol mycotoxin.