摘要
生命在于运动,因此运动对生命而言具有至关重要的意义。肌球蛋白、动力蛋白和驱动蛋白是三种重要的分子马达,负责肌肉细胞和非肌肉细胞的运动。肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白间滑动构成肌肉收缩的基础;动力蛋白和驱动蛋白沿微管运动在细胞内物质运输,有丝分裂、减数分裂中染色体分离过程和细胞骨架动力学方面发挥重要作用。分子马达突变或缺陷可导致遗传性神经病变、严重型肌病和呼吸道慢性感染等发生。因此,分子马达运动的相关研究成果为多种疾病治疗提供新的策略。文章回顾了分子马达的研究历程、生物学作用和应用意义。
Life is movement,so movement of molecular motors is essential for many life processes.Myosin,dynesin and kinesin are three important kinds of molecular motors,responsible for muscle and non-muscle cell movement.Sliding movement between myosin and actin is the molecular basis of muscle contraction.Kinesins and dyneins,which move directionally along microtubules,play essential roles in intracellular transport,separation of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis,and cytoskeletal dynamics.The mutations and deficiencies of molecular motors can lead to disease,such as inherited neuropathies,severe myopathies and chronic infections of the respiratory tract.Therefore,the study of molecular motors provides a new strategy for the treatment of many diseases.In this article,the discovery,biological roles and application of molecular motors are comprehensively reviewed.
作者
郭晓强
GUO Xiaoqiang(Shenzhen hospital,Peking University,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong Province,China)
出处
《自然杂志》
2019年第1期56-62,共7页
Chinese Journal of Nature
关键词
分子马达
运动
滑动模型
肌肉收缩
物质运输
molecular motor
movement
sliding model
muscle contraction
transport