英国通讯截取的最新制度及对我国的启示——基于英国《2016年侦查权力法案》的考察

The Latest Development of Communication Interception Procedures in UK and Its Enlightenment to China ——Based on The Investigation Power Act of 2016

[目的/意义]英国《2016年侦查权力法案》规定了通讯截取、通讯数据的获取、存留及访问,明确了不同方式在通讯截取中的地位。令状审查的双锁机制、必要性原则等将通讯截取程序丰富化。该法案对我国通讯截取立法具有重要研究价值。[方法/过程]通过比较研究,总结《2016年侦查权力法案》的特色制度及对相关术语的界定。同时对法案进行客观评价,争取为我国通讯截取、刑事电子数据收集及技术侦查的完善提供借鉴。[结果/结论]我国通讯数据截取的程序改革应当坚持两步走的道路,坚持重罪原则和必要性原则,将通讯截取与获取进行区分。

[Purpose/Significance]The Investigation Power Act of 2016 in the United Kingdom regulates interception,acquisition,retention and access of communication data,and clarifies the status of different methods in interception.The interception procedure is enriched by double locking mechanism and necessity principle of writ review.The act has important research value to the communication intercept legislation in China.[Method/Process]Through a comparative study,the characteristic system of the Act and the definition of relevant terms are summarized.At the same time,an objective evaluation of the Act is made to provide a reference for the improvement of communication interception,criminal electronic data collection and technical investigation in China.[Result/Conclusion]The procedure reform of communication data interception in China should adhere to the two-step path,the felony principle and the necessity principle,and distinguish the interception and acquisition of communication data.