反传统的民族主义——中国现代民族主义的一个面向

Anti-traditional Nationalism——One Face of Chinese Modern Nationalism

中国思想史研究名家韦政通先生认为中国的民族主义是反传统文化的,由此导致了它丧失内聚的动力。这个观点一半正确,一半错误。由于中国现代思想史上进化论的巨大影响,凡旧的多被认为是没有价值的,中国的民族主义也染上了反传统的特色。但是,严格地说,中国的部分民族主义者所反的传统是试图成为常道的传统,而不是在现代性的刺激之下做出更新的传统。中国的反传统的民族主义也没有丧失内聚的动力,因为它还有其他目的因作为凝聚的粘合剂,比如富强和文明;而且,对现代政治原则的肯定和对新文化的创造也能成为内聚的动力。另外,现代的民族主义也是包含着自尊、自豪、愤恨等情感、精神的民族价值的;同时,由于文化本身的多元性,对某个传统文化的批评未必意味着颠覆所有的传统;文化是发展的,新的文化也能成为认同的标志:由此,反传统文化的民族主义还是民族主义的。

According to Wei Zhengtong, a famous scholar in the history of Chinese thoughts, Chinese nationalism is anti-traditional, which results in the loss of cohesion power.This view goes half right and half wrong. Due to the great influence of evolution in the history of modern Chinese thoughts, old things are thought to be useless and Chinese nationalism unavoidably has anti-traditional trait. However, strictly speaking, the tradition which some nationalists disagree is the one which tries to regenerate itself under the stimulation of modernity rather than something that attempts to become eternally true. Such anti-traditional nationalism in China doesn t lose cohesive power, as it has other causes as its cohesive power, such as prosperity and civilization. Meanwhile, the approval of modern political principles and the creation of new culture also could be new cohesive power. In addition, modern nationalism has national emotion such as dignity, pride and anger, etc. Because of the plurality of culture, the criticism of one traditional culture does not mean the overturn of all the traditions. As a matter of fact, culture is developing, and new culture can also be a sign of identity. Therefore, the anti-cultural nationalism is still nationalism.