“我有权做的一切是否都是对的”——试答2017年法国“高考”哲学卷一题

Is It Right That I Can Do Everything That I Am Entitled To Do?——A Tentative Answer to the Question in Baccalauréat Général Session 2017:Philosophie

对于"我有权做的一切是否都是对的"这个貌似现实的提问,可以做一种极其复杂的哲学描述与分析,它区分为外与内两种情形。所谓外,就是对照、引用、提到、反思的态度,这是一种对象性的旁观者的思维态度,其性质是理论的;所谓内,就是亲历、使用、消费、沉浸其中的"我能"或者精神的冲动,它是一种行为或者实践的态度。这两种态度的区别,也是传统形而上学与后现代哲学的区别,由此所引起的哲学争论,导致了哲学问题的实质性进展。

The plausible question "Is it right that I can do everything that I am entitled to do?" can be investigated in detail philosophically from outside and inside. From outside, the question itself becomes a theoretical investigation leading to an attitude of contrast, quotation, mention, and reflection. From inside, it turns into "I can" or a mental impulse of experience, employ, consumption and immersion leading to acts and practice. These two different perspectives show a sharp difference between the traditional metaphysics and post-modern philosophy. Further discussion of the difference will enable a substantial progress in philosophy.