碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机上的应用需求及挑战

Application requirements and challenges of CMC-SiC composites on aero-engine

随着航空发动机推重比的不断提高,急需发展轻质、高强韧、耐高温、长寿命、抗烧蚀、抗氧化的碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC matrix ceramic composites,CMC-SiC),以满足航空发动机愈加苛刻的服役要求。本文简要介绍了CMC-SiC复合材料的特点和制备方法,综述了CMC-SiC复合材料在国外先进航空发动机热端部件上的应用进展及国内的研究现状。从工程化角度,指出了国内在高性能纤维、构件设计及制备、环境障涂层、无损检测技术、考核验证方法、修复技术等方面存在的差距及需突破的关键技术,指出了今后国内的研究目标与发展方向。

With the increase of the thrust-weight ratio of the aero-engine,CMC-SiC composites with low density,high strength and toughness,high thermal stability,long lifetime,good ablation resis--ance and oxidation resistance need to be developed to meet the requirements of the complicated and aggressive environments in the aero-engine.The characteristics,fabrication methods,applications on the hot components of the abroad advanced aero-engines,the domestic research achievements and the open problems of the CMC-SiC composites were introduced.The research tendencies in the high performance fibers,parts design and fabrication,environmental barrier coatings,non-destructive testing technologies,evaluation and verification method and repairing technologies were put forward.