聚丙烯腈纳米纤维增强聚氨酯基复合膜的制备及其力学性能的研究

Study on the Preparation of Polyurethane-based Composite Film Reinforced with Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber and Its Mechanical Properties

利用静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈/聚氨酯(PAN/PU)复合纳米纤维膜,通过热处理复合纳米纤维膜制备聚丙烯腈纳米纤维增强聚氨酯基(PANNFs/PU)复合膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析PAN/PU复合纳米纤维膜热处理前后的形貌结构,采用多功能拉伸仪测试纤维膜热处理前后的力学性能。分析发现,PANNFs/PU复合膜力学性能受混纺溶液中占比多的一方影响,当混纺溶液中PAN和PU质量比为4∶6时,得到的PANNFs/PU复合膜断裂应力达到152.1 MPa,断裂伸长达到178.8%,较其他质量比PANNFs/PU复合膜,整体所表现的力学性能佳;当混纺溶液PAN和PU质量比为4∶6时,混纺溶液质量分数增加到18%时,和PAN/PU复合纳米纤维膜相比,PANNFs/PU复合膜断裂应力增长了3倍左右,达到217.8 MPa,断裂伸长增长了2.5倍左右,达到320.9%。

Polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane(PAN/PU)composite nanofiber film was prepared by electrospinning.Then polyurethane-based composite film reinforced with polyacrylonitrile nanofiber(PANNFs/PU)was prepared by heating PAN/PU nanofibrous film.The morphological structure of PAN/PU film before and after heat treatment was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The mechanical properties of films were tested by multi-function stretcher.The results showed that the mechanical properties of PANNFs/PU film were influenced by the one occupying a large ratio in the electrospun solution.When the mass ratio of PAN and PU in the electrospun solution was 4:6,the breaking stress of prepared PANNFs/PU film reached 152.1 MPa,and the breaking elongation reached 178.8%.Compared with other mass ratio,PANNFs/PU composite film showed the better overall mechanical properties under the mass ratio of 4∶6.When the quality ratio was 4∶6 and the mass fraction of electrospun solution increased to 18%,the breaking stress of PANNFs/PU composite film increased by about 3 times(up to 217.8 MPa)and the breaking elongation increased by about 2.5 times(up to 320.9%)compared with PAN/PU composite nanofiber film.