外源物质对棉花花铃期抗旱性的影响

Effects of Different Exogenous Substances on the Agronomic and Economic Characteristics of Cotton under Drought Stress

【目的】筛选有利于提高干旱胁迫下棉花花铃期抗旱性的最佳外源物质。【方法】以棉花品种新陆早57号为材料,大田试验采取控水的方法,分别施用不同类型的黄腐酸、6-BA、甜菜碱、油菜素内酯和水杨酸。测定各处理下棉花的农艺性状、干物质及产量等指标,通过加权隶属函数法评价5种外源物质对增强棉花花铃期抗旱性的综合效果。【结果】在干旱胁迫下,供试的外源物质均能在一定程度上增强棉花花铃期的抗旱能力,棉花株高、茎粗、果枝台数、主茎叶片数增大,地上部干物质、鲜重、籽棉产量增加;不同外源物质对棉花花铃期抗旱能力的调控程度存在一定差异。综合评价值(D)排在最前外源物质是水杨酸。【结论】外源物质增强棉株对干旱环境适应性,可作为一种补偿途径,减轻花铃期缺水对棉花的伤害,利于棉花的高产、稳产,其中喷施水杨酸处理效果最佳。

【Objective】In order to select the best exogenous substances for improving the drought resistance of cotton at flowering and boll stage under drought stress.【Method】Xinluzao 57 was used as the material to control water in field experiment.Different types of fulvic acid,6-BA,betaine,Brassinolide and salicylic acid were used respectively.The agronomic characters,dry matter and yield of each treatment were measured,and the comprehensive effects of five exogenous substances on drought resistance of cotton at flowering and boll stage were evaluated by weighted membership function method.【Result】Under drought stress,the drought resistance of cotton at flowering and bolling stage could be enhanced to some extent by exogenous substances,such as plant height,stem diameter,number of fruit branches and leaves of main stem,dry matter,fresh weight of shoot and yield of seed cotton.There are some differences between different exogenous substances on the drought resistance of cotton at flowering and boll stage.By means of weighted membership function analysis,the comprehensive evaluation value(D)was salicylic acid.【Conclusion】Exogenous substances can enhance the adaptability of cotton plants to drought environment,and can be used as a compensatory way to alleviate the damage caused by water shortage at flowering and boll stage,which is conducive to high and stable yield of cotton.The effect of spraying salicylic acid was the best.