有机锌和有机锰对蛋种母鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

Effects of Organic Zinc and Organic Manganese on Performance,Egg Quality,Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Laying Breeding Hens

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加有机锌和有机锰对蛋种母鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。选取23周龄、体重相近的健康海兰褐D系祖代蛋种母鸡576只,随机分为3个组,每组12个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组(A组)分别在基础饲粮中添加80 mg/kg的硫酸锌、硫酸锰,等量添加组(B组)分别用40 mg/kg的有机锌、有机锰替换对照组饲粮40 mg/kg的硫酸锌、硫酸锰,额外添加组(C组)分别在对照组饲粮的基础上额外添加40 mg/kg的有机锌、有机锰。试验期32周。结果表明:1)试验第32周和1～32周时,B组蛋种母鸡的平均蛋重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验第24周时,C组的产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05); C组的破蛋率显著低于B组(P<0.05),极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。2)试验第16周时,B组蛋种母鸡的蛋形指数显著高于其他组(P<0.05),C组蛋黄中的锰含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验第32周时,C组的蛋壳亮度显著高于B组(P<0.05),B和C组的蛋壳红度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),B组蛋黄中的锰含量极显著高于其他组(P<0.01)。3)饲粮中添加有机锌和有机锰对蛋种母鸡的血液总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)活性,T淋巴细胞亚群比例(CD4、CD8和CD4/CD8)和皮肤嗜碱性过敏(CBH)反应均无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加有机锌和有机锰能够提高蛋种母鸡的平均蛋重和产蛋率,降低破蛋率,增加蛋壳强度,提高蛋品质,增加蛋黄中锰的沉积量。在本试验条件下,有机锌和有机锰与无机锌和无机锰等量添加效果最佳。

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary organic zinc and organic manganese on performance,egg quality,antioxidant capacity and immune function of laying breeding hens.Five hundred and seventy-six 23-week-old healthy Hy-line brown D strain grant parent laying breeding hens with similar body weight were randomly allotted to 3 groups with 12 replicates per group and 16 hens per replicate.The hens in control group(group A)were fed a basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg of zinc sulphate and 80 mg/kg manganese sulfate,respectively,those in equivalent addition group(group B)were fed the basal diet with 40 mg/kg organic zinc and 40 mg/kg organic manganese replaced 40 mg/kg of zinc sulphate and 40 mg/kg manganese sulfate,respectively,and the others in extra addition group(group C)were fed the diet of control group extra supplemented with 40 mg/kg organic zinc and 40 mg/kg organic manganese,respectively.The experiment lasted for 32 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)at the 32^nd week and 1 to 32 weeks,average egg weight of laying breeding hens in group B was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).At the 24^th week,laying rate in group C was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),and broken egg rate in group C was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05) and extremely significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.01).2)At the 16^th week,egg shape index of laying breeding hens in group B was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),and the content of manganese in egg yolk in group C was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).At the 32^nd week,eggshell lightness in group C was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05),eggshell redness in groups B and C was extremely significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01),and the content of manganese in egg yolk in group B extremely significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.01).3)Dietary organic zinc and organic manganese had no significant effects on the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),manganese superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD),copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn-SOD)and T lymphocyte subsets proportion(CD4,CD8 and CD4/CD8)in blood and cutaneous basophilia allergy(CBA)reaction of laying breeding hens(P >0.05).In conclusion,dietary organic zinc and organic manganese can increase average egg weight and laying rate,decrease broken egg rate,increase eggshell strength,improve egg quality and increase the content of manganese in egg yolk of laying breeding hens.Under this experiment condition,half organic and half inorganic zinc and half organic manganese and half inorganic manganese have the best effects.