我国生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M_1污染风险分析

Risk Analysis of Aflatoxin M_1 Contamination in Raw Milk from China

本试验旨在系统地评估我国生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M_1(AFM_1)的污染情况。试验采集了我国奶业主产区(河北、河南、黑龙江、山东和内蒙古) 5 080份生鲜乳样品,采用酶联免疫吸附测定的方法进行AFM_1浓度检测。结果显示:5 080份样品中,234个样品检测出AFM_1(生鲜乳AFM_1污染发生率为4.6%),均未超出中国和美国的限量标准(500 ng/L),仅36个(0.7%)生鲜乳样品超出了欧盟的限量标准(50 ng/L)。与对生鲜乳中AFM_1污染状况对比分析可知,中国的生鲜乳质量安全水平正在不断的提高;不同季节污染状况对比发现,生鲜乳中AFM_1污染发生率在冬季为11.2%,远高于春季、夏季和秋季(分别为1.5%、2.5%和4.5%)。因此,有必要在冬季重点关注AFM_1的污染防控,合理规范化青贮饲料和精料的储存和使用。本研究将有助于未来的风险分析和对生鲜乳中AFM_1污染的防控管理。

This survey was performed to analyze the contamination of aflatoxin M1(AFM1)in raw milk from China.A total of 5 080 raw milk samples were collected in major milk-producing areas of China(Hebei,Heilongjiang,Henan,Inner Mongolia and Shandong provinces),and the AFM1 concentration in those raw milk samples was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method.The results showed as follows:in 5 080 samples,there were 234 samples were detected AFM1,and the incidence of AFM1 contamination in raw milk was 4.6%.Totally,thirty-six raw milk samples(0.7%)exceeded the EU limit standard(50 ng/L),and none of raw milk samples exceeded the Chinese and American limit standards(500 ng/L).The safety level of raw milk in China has continuously improved.In addition,raw milk samples have a higher risk of AFM1 contamination in winter.The incidence of AFM1 contamination was 11.2%in winter,which was much higher than that in spring,summer and autumn(1.5%,2.5%and 4.5%,respectively).Therefore,it is particularly important to avoid AFM1 contamination in raw milk during the winter,good harvesting practices and strict regulations should be adopted during the winter season in China.This comprehensive study will facilitate future risk analysis and the management of AFM1 contamination in raw milk in China.