对损害商誉罪的再审视——以鸿茅药酒案为例

A Review of the Crime of Infringing on Another's Commercial Reputation

刑法对个人名誉的保护包括捏造事实的诽谤罪和价值贬损的侮辱罪,而对损害商誉罪的保护仅限于捏造事实,不禁止价值贬损。个人的名誉来源多元而脆弱,而商品是服务于人的,没有那么高位阶的尊严,并且消费者有权对商品进行价值评判。损害商誉罪的主体不应包括体现社会监督的非竞争主体,因为损害商誉罪在立法演进过程中不曾包括非竞争主体,而且损害商誉罪作为法定犯,以违反一定的法律为前置性条件,这也是刑法谦抑性的体现。

The protection of the criminal law for the personal reputation includes the crime of fabricating facts and value derogation.The protection for the crime of infringing on another′s commercial reputation is limited to fabricating facts,not including value derogation.The personal reputation is pluralistic and fragile,but the goods are for serving the human being.The dignity of goods is not so important.Consumer has right to judge the value of goods.The subject of the crime of infringing on another′s commercial reputation should not include the non-competition subjects suggesting the social supervision.In the process of the legislative evolution,the non-competition subject is not concluded,and violation is the premise of the statutory offense,because the evolution process of the crime of infringing on another′s commercial reputation has never included the non-competition subject.In addition,it is also the embodiment of the Principle of Necessity of criminal law.