天台湛然“性恶说”之窥探

Probing into the Theory of “Evil by Nature” of Tiantai Zhan Ran

天台宗有很多创新思想,其中之一就是由智者大师在《观音玄义》中提出的"如来性恶"思想,即"性具善恶"思想。这一特色思想引起佛教他宗学者颇多的争论与批判。湛然作为天台九祖,对这一思想不仅给予理论上的支持,而且对此作出了进一步的阐发并给出自己的见解。"善恶不出三千""修性不二""于恶修观""用恶"等理论都是湛然"性恶说"思想中的重要组成部分。

Tiantai sect has many innovative ideas,one of the ideas is the theory of“Evil in Buddha-nature”in Kuan-yin Hsuan-yi be advanced by Zhi Yi,namely is the theory of“Good and Evil in Buddha-nature”.However,precisely this feature caused a lot of controversy and criticism from the other Buddhist sects.Zhan Ran who is the ninth patriarch of the Tiantai sect not only gave a theoretical support to this theory,but also made a further elucidation and put forward some of his own opinions.“Good and Evil in the Three Thousand Worlds”,“adhyacara and Buddha-nature is identical”,“doing observation of evil”and“using evil”are are all important theories in Zhan’s evil theory.