乳腺癌根治术后患者发生院内感染的相关因素分析

Analysis of the factors related to nosocomial infection after radical mastectomy

目的探讨乳腺癌根治术后患者发生院内感染的相关因素。方法回顾性分析接受乳腺癌根治术治疗的70例乳腺癌患者的病历资料。记录乳腺癌患者术后发生院内感染的分布情况,并对乳腺癌术后患者发生院内感染的影响因素进行分析。结果 70例乳腺癌患者中,术后发生院内感染者21例(30.00%);感染部位以呼吸道和手术切口为主,分别占38.1%、23.8%。单因素分析结果显示,不同伴随疾病、引流时间、住院时间、白细胞计数乳腺癌根治术后患者的院内感染发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);多因素分析结果显示,伴随疾病、引流时间较长、住院时间较长及白细胞计数降低均是乳腺癌根治术后患者发生院内感染的独立危险因素。结论乳腺癌患者由于体内白细胞水平降低,免疫功能下降,容易受到病原菌的感染,而分析乳腺癌根治术后患者发生院内感染的高危因素,对临床制定有针对性的护理干预措施,以降低患者术后院内感染的发生率具有重要意义。

Objective To study the factors related to nosocomial infection after radical mastectomy.Method The medical records of 70 patients who were treated with radical mastectomy were retrospectively analyzed.The distribution nosocomial infection of these patients was recorded and summarized to assess the risk factors of nosocomial infection after breast cancer surgery.Result Among the 70 cases,the incidence of nosocomial infection was observed in 21(30.00%)cases after radical surgery;respiratory tract and surgical incision were involved in most cases,accounting for 38.1%and 23.8%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that patients with different comorbidities,drainage time,hospital stay and white blood cell count had varied nosocomial infection rates(P<0.05);the results of multivariate analysis indicated that,comorbidities,prolonged drainage time,extended hospital stay,and decreased white blood cell count were positively associated with the occurrence of nosocomial infection in patients with radical mastectomy.Conclusion Breast cancer patients are susceptible to pathogen due to the compromised immune decline resulting from reduction of white blood cells;through the analysis of high risk factors of infection in breast cancer patients receiving radical mastectomy,specific and effective nursing interventions can be established to lower the nosocomial infection for these patients.