明代江西地区水灾时空特征

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Floods in Jiangxi in Ming Dynasty

基于《中国三千年气象记录总集》收集的气象资料,建立了明代(1368—1643年)江西地区水灾的数据库,根据灾情程度将水灾的等级划分为轻度、中度、重度3个等级,从时间和空间两方面统计、分析了明代江西水灾的分布特征及发生规律。明代共发生水灾787县次,平均每年发生约2.85县次,以1520年代为界,前期发生频次低,波动小,后期发生频次高,总体年际波动大。明代后期的水灾总县次远多于前期。水灾的空间分布呈现北多南少的分布格局,河流下游多于上游,平原多于山区,水灾多发地主要集中在鄱阳湖平原地区。

Based on the meteorological data in Three thousand years of meteorological records in China,a database of floods in Jiangxi during the Ming Dynasty(1368-1643)was established.The flood are divided into three grades:mild,moderate and severe in terms of time and space.The distribution characteristics of flood in Jiangxi in the Ming Dynasty are statistically analyzed,and the occurrence regularity is summarized.Statistical results show that there were 787 floods in Ming Dynasty,with an average annual frequency of about 2.85 counties,and the annual fluctuation was large;the total number of floods in late Ming Dynasty was more than that in early Ming Dynasty,and the floods occurred in a spatial pattern of more north and less south,flood prone areas mainly concentrated in the Poyang Lake Plain area.