我国集体劳动争议的特征与劳动者权益保障的实证研究——基于北京市西城区106件集体劳动争议的调研

Empirical Research on Characteristics of Collective Labor Dispute and Laborers' Rights Protection——Based on Survey of 106 Collective Labor Disputes in Xicheng District in Beijing

集体劳动关系在企业中的状况目前还未得到应有的关注和分析。我国企业工会的弱势和功能的内部冲突造成了企业集体劳动争议的特殊表现形式和处理方式,在企业的集体劳动关系中劳动者的权益被普遍侵害。北京市西城区劳动人事仲裁院106起集体劳动争议案件与处理情况表明,集体劳动关系中劳资双方矛盾的成因主要有两方面:一是在当前经济新常态背景下,经济下行压力加大,一些企业实施减员增效等改革措施过程中造成的劳动权益受到侵害;二是企业在正常经营的情况下,为追求利润最大化,采用一些非法手段逃避法律责任造成的劳资纠纷。在实践中,我国现行的集体争议处理制度保障既有优势也有不足,另外,在处理集体争议制度中调解机制的适用性也是值得质疑的,软化法律标准在司法中容易造成对劳动者合法权益的二次侵害。

Collective labor relations in enterprises ought to be paid fuller attention and more analysis.The internal conflict of weaknesses and functioning of enterprise trade unions engender the particular type of collective labour disputes as well as the dispute resolution,that is the prevalence of infringement on workers'rights and interests in a"collective form"of labour disputes.The 106 arbitrated cases of collective labour dispute in the Labour and Personnal Arbitrative Bureau of Xicheng District of Beijing are set up to analyse.These cases indicate that two major factors contribute to the conflicts between the labour and the capital at enterprises,namely the economic behaviors that the labour rights are impaired in a transformation process in which the enterprise decreases labour costs in an economic depressions,and the management misbehaviors that the enterprise deprives labour rights,in which unlawful methods are adopted to get rid of legal duties and to pursue the maximized profits.In terms of the judicial aspect,both cons and pros exist in the current institution of labour dispute resolution.Furthermore,the applicability of mediation institution in addressing the collective labour dispute deserves to be questioned,because the softened law becomes a major reason harming the workers legal rights and interests.