人类免疫缺陷病毒感染暴露前预防用药的研究现状

Research status of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis

本文从有效性、安全性、依从性等方面综述人类免疫缺陷病毒暴露前预防用药的研究现状。每日口服替诺福韦/恩替卡韦能够显著降低高危人群的人类免疫缺陷病毒感染率,无严重不良反应,其有效性与服药依从性密切相关。建议选择特定的高危人群开展试点、普及艾滋病防治教育、降低药物价格、采取综合预防的策略,积极推进暴露前预防药物在中国的上市,降低人类免疫缺陷病毒的传染风险。

The efficacy,safety and adherence of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)are reviewed in this article.Oral daily tenofovir/emtricitabine can significantly decrease the incidence of HIV infection among people at high risk,with no severe adverse effects.PrEP effectiveness is closely associated with medication adherence.To reduce the transmission of HIV,it is suggested that pilot tests should be carried out in high risk population;universal education offered on AIDS prevention and control;drug prices lowered;comprehensive prevention strategy adopted;marketing of PrEP drugs promoted;and the risk of HIV infection reduced.