主动脉弓分支血管变异的研究进展

The Variations of Aortic Arch Branches

主动脉弓分支血管发生变异是常见的现象,常见的变异类型有:牛型弓、椎动脉起自主动脉弓、右锁骨下动脉迷行,其他类型的变异较为罕见。主动脉弓上血管的变异来源于胚胎时期原始咽弓动脉的发育异常,但影响变异产生的具体机制尚不明确。虽然主动脉弓分支血管变异通常为无症状的,但其部分与先天性心血管疾病及遗传性疾病的发生存在明显相关性。由于变异的发生,外科手术或血管内治疗操作的难度和危险性会明显增高。本文基于国内外关于主动脉弓分支血管变异研究的现状,针对变异的类型、胚胎学发生机制及其对临床工作产生的影响等方面进行综述。

The variations of branches of aortic arch are very common,and the common variation types include the bovine arch,the left vertebral artery originating from aortic arch and the aberrant right subclavian artery,and the other types are rare.The vascular variations of super-aortic arch arise from the abnormal development of primordial pharyngeal arch arteries during embryonic period,but the mechanism of vessel variations remains unclear.Although most of these variations are asymptomatic,they have obvious association with congenital cardiovascular diseases and genetic diseases.These vascular variations lead to an increase in the difficulty and complication risk of surgery or endovascular procedures of the aorta and its branches as well as thoracic or head and neck surgeries.This paper reviewed that the types of variations of aorta branches,embryologic mechanism and the impact of these variations on clinical diagnosis and treatment.