北京典型灌区表层土壤与农产品酚类含量及人体健康风险评估

Study on Concentrations of Phenols in Topsoils and Agricultural Products and Health Risk Assessment in the Typical Irrigation District of Beijing City

土壤是酚类存在的重要介质之一,土壤中残留的酚类能向作物迁移,直接关系农产品生产安全。北京市东南郊典型灌区是北京地区主要农业生产基地之一,为明确该典型灌区农产品和表层土壤酚类(壬基酚NP、辛基酚OP和双酚A-BPA)含量水平和人体健康风险,2015年利用气相色谱-质谱仪检测了该灌区20个表层土壤样品和28个作物样品中12种酚类含量,包括OP、NP1、NP2、NP3、NP4、NP5、NP6、NP7、NP8、NP9、NP10和BPA。结果显示,灌区表层土壤NP、BPA和OP质量分数分别为32.54～295.08、7.19～48.79和0.47～1.43μg·kg^(-1),采集的土壤中NP含量均未超过丹麦安全与毒理研究所提出的土壤壬基酚的限值标准(25 mg·kg^(-1))。冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)籽粒NP质量分数为202.19～446.16μg·kg^(-1),OP和BPA质量分数分别为3.40～25.33μg·kg^(-1)和1.36～33.27μg·kg^(-1)。夏玉米(Zea mays L.)籽粒BPA、NP和OP质量分数分别为165.59～543.67、140.39～406.47和0.77～10.83μg·kg^(-1)。果蔬OP、BPA和NP质量分数分别为11.39～204.53、93.42～893.86和220.33～392.07μg·kg^(-1),农产品BPA和NP含量均低于欧盟和丹麦安全与毒理研究所提出的相应含量限值。成人和儿童酚类非致癌指数分别为4.77×10^(-2)和1.02×10^(-1),均低于USEPA规定相应标准参考值(1.0)。总体上,北京东南郊典型灌区土壤和农产品酚类含量处于安全级别,人体健康风险也处于较低的水平。

Soil is one of the important environmental medium for the existence of phenols.The residual phenols in soil can migrate to crops,which is directly related to the safety of agricultural products.The typical irrigation district at the southeast suburb of Beijing is one of the main agricultural production bases in Beijing.In order to clarify the concentration of phenols[nonylphenol(NP),Bisphenol(BPA),and octylphenol(OP)]in topsoil and agricultural products as well as health risk in this irrigation district,the concentrations of 12 phenols in 20 topsoil samples and 28 agricultural product samples were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in 2015,which included BPA,OP,NP1,NP2,NP3,NP4,NP5,NP6,NP7,NP8,NP9,and NP10.Experimental results showed that the total concentrations of NP,BPA,and OP in topsoil ranged from 32.54 to 295.08μg·kg^-1,7.19 to 48.79μg·kg^-1,and 0.47 to 1.43μg·kg^-1,respectively.The concentration of NP in topsoil in this study didn't exceed the limit of NP(25 mg·kg^-1)proposed by the institute of food safety and toxicology,Danish Veterinary and Food Administration.The concentrations of NP,OP,and BPA in winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)grain were 202.19-446.16,3.40-25.33 and 1.36-33.27μg·kg^-1,respectively.The concentrations of BPA,NP,and OP in summer maize(Zea mays L.)grain were 165.59-543.67,140.39-406.47 and 0.77-10.83μg·kg^-1,respectively.The concentrations of NP,OP,and BPA in vegetables and fruit were 220.33-392.07,11.39-204.53 and 93.42-893.86μg·kg^-1,respectively.According to the tolerable daily intake(TDI)propose by European Commission and the institute of food safety and toxicology,Danish Veterinary and Food Administration,the concentrations of BPA and NP in agricultural products were lower than the corresponding limits.The non-carcinogenic hazard index of phenols for adult and child were 4.77×10^-2 and 1.02×10^-1,respectively,which were lower than the reference value(1.0)proposed by US EPA.In conclusion,the concentrations of phenols in soil and agricultural products are in a safe level in typical irrigation district in southeast suburb of Beijing,as well as the corresponding human health risk.